Your braking performance is in the caliper, not the rotor.
Sorry man that's not right.
Discs play a massive part in braking performance. The larger the disc, the more mechanical leverage available to stop the wheel moving. If you use the same calipers, and put on a larger disc, the braking performance will improve. In other words, whatever calipers you decided to use, the largest rotor you can use will have the best braking performance.
The other advantage to larger discs is much better heat dissipation in spirited driving, if you do any of it.
The other side to this though is that, although a larger disc is better, you may not need it for your application, and a larger disc will add unsprung weight. And as was already mentioned, no matter how good your brakes you, you need the tires to match them, otherwise you'll just lock up everywhere.
If it was for a street car, a pair of PBR style twin piston calipers with the largest discs you can fit in either 15"(maybe 295) or 17"(around 330) would be a good street system.